·  There are 3 natural curves in the spina, in neck, back and low back regions respectively.

·  Our spina minimizes the amount of load and can move flexibly thanks to these curves.

·  Lowe back region consists of 5 vertebras and the sacrum.

·  Vertebras are located one onto other to form the spinal canal that the spinal cord and nerves pass through.

·  The spina protects the spinal canal and nerves, and ensures mobility of our body.

·  Vertebras hold onto each other through the small cushions called “disks” at the anterior, and through “facet” joints at the posterior.

·  Disks are in fact shock absorbers with gel consistency that prevent friction between vertebras.

·  Task of the disks is to absorb the shakes occurring during walking, sitting and load bearing and to reduce the load coming onto the vertebras equally to transmit the weight to lower levels in a balanced way.

·  Vertebras hold to each other by way of two facet joints at the back.

·  Facet joints are responsible for bearing 5 to 20% of the body weight.

·  If the amount of load increases because of misuse, then impairment and detachment are seen in time in facet joints.

·  Each disk consists of two parts: the outer part knitted with solid fibers and the jelly-like inner part.

·  The solid outer part protects the soft and jelly-like inner part and ensures flexible movements.

·  The spine is also supported by ligaments and muscles as well as these structures. Ligaments are durable bands that hold the disks and vertebras in place.

·  Muscles, however, control the movement, support the spine and provides it with durability.
·  Spinal cord is responsible for the transmission of the orders of our brain to the other parts of our body.
·  Spinal cord terminates in the higher part of the low back, and gives its branches going to lower extremity muscles, bladder and genital organs.

·  These nerves ensure movement and senses of the leg, and urination, passing stool and sexual functions.